Almost every union says in their constitution that the International Union - NOT THE MEMBERS - controls that side of the bargaining table. For example:
- Steelworkers: The International Union shall be the contracting party in all collective bargaining agreements and all such agreements shall be signed by the international officers. Article XVII, p. 70.
- International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers: No Local Union shall put into effect any bylaw, amendment, rule or agreement of any kind without first securing such approval. All these shall be null and void without International President approval. Article 15, Section 6, p. 45.
- Utility Workers: All contracts entered into by local unions shall be between the employer and the National Union on behalf of the local union involved, and shall be signed by local officers and a designated representative of the National Union. Article VII, Section 4, pp. 24-25.